Topic: Reformations and The Printing Revolution

Order Description
In an essay of at least 350 words, answer these 3 questions, as a Graduate level essay.
1. Why was the Roman Catholic Church able to meet the Protestant challenge (1500–1650) and deny the new churches control over most of Europe?
2. Why was the invention of printing with movable type so important for the development of western civilization?
3. What did you learn that was new or surprising?
Be sure to write this an essay, and cite accordingly. You MUST use the required text, and may feel free to use any of the recommended readings or any of your own, but
you MUST use the Required, and make citations.
This is to be the REQUIRED READING for this essay.
James D. Tracy, Europe’s Reformations, 1450–1650: Doctrine, Politics, and Community. 2nd ed. (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2006).
Recommended Reading
1. Susan C. Karant-Nunn, “Continuity and Change: Some Effects of the Reformation on the Women of Zwickau,” The Sixteenth Century Journal 13, no. 2 (1982): 17–42
2. Roland H. Bainton, “Interpretations of the Reformation,” The American Historical Review 66, no. 1 (1960): 74–84.
3. Hans J. Hillerbrand, “Was There a Reformation in the Sixteenth Century?” Church History: Studies in Christianity and Culture 72, no. 3 (2003):525–552.
4. Martin Luther’s letter to the Archbishop of Mainz, 1517.
5. Martin Luther’s tower experience, 1519.
6. Pope Leo X, Exsurge Domine.
7. Andrew Pettegree and Matthew Hall, “The Reformation and the Book: A Reconsideration.” The Historical Journal 47, no. 4 (2004): 785–808.
8. Robert M. Kingdon, “Social Welfare in Calvin’s Geneva.” The American Historical Review 76, no. 1 (1971): 50–69.
9. A. Gordon Kinder, “The Reformation and Spain: Stillbirth, By-Pass, or Excision?” Reformation and Renaissance Review 1, no. 1 (1999): 100–125.
10. Mack P. Holt, “Wine, Community and Reformation in Sixteenth-Century Burgundy.” Past and Present 138, no. 1 (1993): 58–93.
11. P. G. Lake, “Calvinism and the English Church, 1570-1635.” Past and Present 114, no. 1 (1987): 32–76.
12. Sara T. Nalle, “Inquisitors, Priests, and the People during the Catholic Reformation in Spain.” The Sixteenth Century Journal 18, no. 4 (1987): 557–587.
13. G. W. Bernard, “The Church of England c. 1529-c. 1642.” 75, no. 244 (1990): 183–206.
14. John Bossy, “The Counter-Reformation and the People of Catholic Europe.” Past and Present 47, no. 1 (1970): 51–70.

Topic: Reformations and The Printing Revolution

Order Description
In an essay of at least 350 words, answer these 3 questions, as a Graduate level essay.
1. Why was the Roman Catholic Church able to meet the Protestant challenge (1500–1650) and deny the new churches control over most of Europe?
2. Why was the invention of printing with movable type so important for the development of western civilization?
3. What did you learn that was new or surprising?
Be sure to write this an essay, and cite accordingly. You MUST use the required text, and may feel free to use any of the recommended readings or any of your own, but
you MUST use the Required, and make citations.
This is to be the REQUIRED READING for this essay.
James D. Tracy, Europe’s Reformations, 1450–1650: Doctrine, Politics, and Community. 2nd ed. (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2006).
Recommended Reading
1. Susan C. Karant-Nunn, “Continuity and Change: Some Effects of the Reformation on the Women of Zwickau,” The Sixteenth Century Journal 13, no. 2 (1982): 17–42
2. Roland H. Bainton, “Interpretations of the Reformation,” The American Historical Review 66, no. 1 (1960): 74–84.
3. Hans J. Hillerbrand, “Was There a Reformation in the Sixteenth Century?” Church History: Studies in Christianity and Culture 72, no. 3 (2003):525–552.
4. Martin Luther’s letter to the Archbishop of Mainz, 1517.
5. Martin Luther’s tower experience, 1519.
6. Pope Leo X, Exsurge Domine.
7. Andrew Pettegree and Matthew Hall, “The Reformation and the Book: A Reconsideration.” The Historical Journal 47, no. 4 (2004): 785–808.
8. Robert M. Kingdon, “Social Welfare in Calvin’s Geneva.” The American Historical Review 76, no. 1 (1971): 50–69.
9. A. Gordon Kinder, “The Reformation and Spain: Stillbirth, By-Pass, or Excision?” Reformation and Renaissance Review 1, no. 1 (1999): 100–125.
10. Mack P. Holt, “Wine, Community and Reformation in Sixteenth-Century Burgundy.” Past and Present 138, no. 1 (1993): 58–93.
11. P. G. Lake, “Calvinism and the English Church, 1570-1635.” Past and Present 114, no. 1 (1987): 32–76.
12. Sara T. Nalle, “Inquisitors, Priests, and the People during the Catholic Reformation in Spain.” The Sixteenth Century Journal 18, no. 4 (1987): 557–587.
13. G. W. Bernard, “The Church of England c. 1529-c. 1642.” 75, no. 244 (1990): 183–206.
14. John Bossy, “The Counter-Reformation and the People of Catholic Europe.” Past and Present 47, no. 1 (1970): 51–70.